Affirming a conviction in law refers to the act of an appellate court upholding or confirming the judgment or verdict of a lower court in a criminal case. This typically occurs when the appellate court determines that the trial was conducted properly and the law was correctly interpreted and applied. In the context of the document you are studying, the case of the Speluncean Explorers, the discussion of affirming the convictions revolves around the legal and moral implications of the explorers