Alan Turing's successful 'hacking' of the enigma machine was based in part on knowing the structure of the message being sent, including the position of weather reports at the beginning of each message. This type of reverse$-$engineering is still used by software hackers today, and is known as:

Group of answer choices

Known Plaintext Attack $($KPA$)$

API trunking

Denial of Service $($DoS$)$

Assymetric Key Decoding $($AKD$)$