All of the following are advantages of decentralization except:

to improve customer relations.

to encourage use of expert knowledge.

to increase employee motivation.

to allow goal congruence to be achieved more easily.

All of the following are responsibility centers except:

profit centers.

investment centers.

customer centers.

cost centers.

3. The differences between actual and budgeted figures are known as:

fluctuations.

variances.

overages.

underages.

4. Which of the following is a performance measure commonly used to assess the performance of investment centers?

Return on investment

Profit margin

Current ratio

Gross income

5. Residual income is calculated as:

revenues less expenses.

contribution margin less minimum acceptable income.

operating income less minimum acceptable income.

sales less variable costs.

6. Which of the following is NOT a strategy for determining the transfer price of a product?

Related party discounted price

Market price

Cost or cost-plus a markup

Negotiated price

7. Employee capabilities, information system capabilities, and the companys climate for action are important factors of the:

employee perspective.

customer perspective.

internal business perspective.

learning and growth perspective.

8. Assume Cucumber Company expects each division to earn an 8% target rate of return. Assume the Companys Pickle Division had the following results:

Sales $24,500,000

Operating income 1,250,000

Total assets 15,500,000

The Divisions ROI is:

8.1%.

15.8%.

5.1%.

8.0%.

Assume Ametrine Company expects each division to earn an 8% target rate of return. Assume the Companys Division A had the following results:

Sales $24,500,000

Operating income 1,250,000

Total assets 15,500,000

The Divisions RI is:

$10,000.

$10,000.

$710,000.

$710,000.

10. Which of the following are examples of KPIs?

Average customer satisfaction ratings

Number of repeat customers

Sales revenue growth

All of the above are examples of KPIs

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using standard costs and variances?

Use as a performance benchmark for evaluation of actual costs

Use as a basis for components of the master budget

Simplification of bookkeeping

Change in behavior of managers to obtain desired variances

One level of a companys flexible budget was prepared for production of 8,000 units. Total costs were $38,000 and included direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead at $1.50, $2.50, and $0.50 per unit respectively. What is the total cost of production of 8,500 units?

$ 2,000

$38,000

$38,250

$40,250

3. The direct labor price variance was unfavorable and much greater than anticipated. Who would be in the best position to explain why the unfavorable variance occurred?

Both the production and human resource supervisors

The production supervisor

The purchasing manager

Both the purchasing manager and production supervisor

4. A manager purchased better quality materials for a slightly higher cost than anticipated. However, as a result, there was less spoilage than normal. What is the effect on the price and quantity variances respectively?

Favorable, favorable

Favorable, unfavorable

Unfavorable, favorable

Unfavorable, unfavorable

5. A company uses a single raw material in its production process. The standard price for a unit of material is $2.00. During the month the company purchased and used 600 units of this material at a price of $2.25 per unit. The standard quantity required per finished product is 2 units and during the month, the company produced 310 finished units. How much was the material price variance?

$150 favorable

$150 unfavorable

$155 favorable

$155 unfavorable

6. A company uses a single raw material in its production process. The standard price for a unit of material is $2.00. During the month the company purchased and used 600 units of this material at a price of $2.25 per unit. The standard quantity required per finished product is 2 units and during the month, the company produced 310 finished units. How much was the material quantity variance?

$40 favorable

$40 unfavorable

$45 favorable

$45 unfavorable

7. A company produced 2,200 units of output during a production process that normally requires 2 hours of labor per unit of output. The standard labor rate is $16 per hour, but the company paid $15 per hour. Actual hours needed to complete the production process were 4,600. How much was the labor efficiency variance?

$3,000 favorable

$3,000 unfavorable

$3,200 favorable

$3,200 unfavorable

8. A company produced 2,200 units of output during a production process that normally requires 2 hours of labor per unit of output. The standard labor rate is $16 per hour, but the company paid $15 per hour. Actual hours needed to complete the production process were 4,600. How much was the labor rate variance?

$4,400 favorable

$4,400 unfavorable

$4,600 favorable

$4,600 unfavorable

9. Which of the following formulas is used to compute variable overhead rate (or spending) variance?

actual hours (actual rate standard rate)

standard hours allowed (actual rate standard rate)

actual rate (actual hours standard hours allowed)

standard rate (actual hours standard hours allowed)

10. Which of the following is a true statement regarding fixed overhead volume variance?

If production volume is less than anticipated, then fixed overhead has been underallocated and the fixed overhead volume variance is favorable.

If production volume is less than anticipated, then fixed overhead has been underallocated and the fixed overhead volume variance is unfavorable.

If production volume is greater than anticipated, then fixed overhead has been underallocated and the fixed overhead volume variance is favorable.

If production volume is greater than anticipated, then fixed overhead has been overallocated and the fixed overhead volume variance is unfavorable.