1. All of the following are difficulties encountered in determining fair values except:

   	a.	the need to identify comparable assets currently available in the market to value assets in place
   	b.	the need to make assumptions about the effect of technological and other improvements when using the prices of new assets currently available on the market in the valuation process
   	c.	the absence of U.S. GAAP and IFRS standards related to reporting long-lived assets
   	d.	the absence of active markets for many used fixed assets, particularly those specific to a particular firms needs