Al-Muqawqis the ruler of Egypt, sent messengers to Amr ibn al-Aas to forbid him from entering the country and continuing the fighting, and according to what was mentioned in his encyclopedia, Amr ibn al-Aas imprisoned the messengers with him for two days and two nights until Al-Muqawqis feared for them, and he asked his companions, Do you see that they kill the messengers and imprison them and make it lawful in their religion Amr only meant that they see the condition of the Muslims.

Amr responded to the messengers after that, with three conditions: entering Islam, paying tribute, or fighting. Al-Muqawqis asked the messengers, How did you see them? They said: "We have seen people who love death more than life, and humility is more beloved to them than exaltation. None of them has any desire or greed in this world." It was not from Muqawqis that he asked Amr to send a messenger to him to negotiate.

So Amr ibn al-Aas sent ten people, one of whom was the companion Ubadah Ibn al-Samit, and he was very brown and strong in build, his height was ten hands. Al-Aswad came and someone else spoke to me, and they all said: The black one is the best of us in opinion and knowledge, and he is our master and the one who precedes us. So the Muqawqis asked: How did you accept that this black man be the best of you, but he should be inferior to you? As an opinion, and he does not deny us blackness, the Muqawqis said to him: Come forward, O black man, and speak to me gently, for I fear your blackness, and if your words are harsh on me, your fear will increase.

Ibn al-Samit began his speech to Al-Muqawqis , explaining that he left behind a thousand of his companions who were like his blackness, strength, and edifice, and they had no desire other than jihad in the way of God and the pursuit of His pleasure. So Al-Muqawqis said to his companions: Have you ever heard of the mans words? From his view, this man and his companions were brought out by God to destroy the earth, and I do not think that their king will conquer the whole earth.

Al-Muqawqis directed his speech to his servants and told him that the Romans were preparing an army that could not be counted in number, and that they, the Muslims, would not be able to bear that. And the sacrifice is for the sake of Gods pleasure and His paradise, and that how many a few group have triumphed by the grace of God, and they have only three conditions set by Amr Ibn Al-Aas, but Al-Muqawqis refused his companions on the pretext that surrendering them means humiliation and slavery, so Ubadah and his companions went out and the siege and fighting continued until Amr reached with Al-Muqawqis Later, it was agreed to pay tribute, and it was the beginning of the Islamic era in the country.

QUESTION

4- Negotiating alternatives for both parties in the event of failure to reach an agreement with an analysis of whether these alternatives are less harmful to each party compared to the solution that can be reached in negotiations?

5- An analysis of the offer made by the Muqawqis to the Muslim delegation in terms of the negotiating field between the two parties

6- Analysis of the Muqawqis personality according to the methodology of the motives and the events mentioned in this lecture

7- The negotiating strategy followed by Ubadah bin Al-Samit, may God be pleased with him, in the negotiations

8- An analysis of the positions of Ubadah ibn al-Samit, may God be pleased with him, and al-Muqawqis in these negotiations, based on the IRP model

(concerns rights power)

9- An analysis of the mutual threats between the two parties during the negotiations according to the WISE model (Wise Threats)

10- Your critical analysis of the course of negotiation between the two parties and your opinion on the negotiation process