The financial staff of Cairn Communications has identified the following information for the first year of the roll-out of its new proposed service:

Projected sales	$20 million
Operating costs (not including depreciation)	$7 million
Depreciation	$4 million
Interest expense	$4 million

The company faces a 25% tax rate. What is the project's operating cash flow for the first year (t = 1)? Enter your answer in dollars. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as $1,200,000. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.

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