An applied electric field can influence the flow of heat through an insulator.4-6 Imagine you are working to develop an improved material for thermal management in which the flow of heat through the insulator is controlled by applying an electric field, E. The total heat flow (h) can be written as the sum of the heat driven by a temperature gradient, ( /6 /7 ), and the heat driven by the product of the temperature gradient and the applied electric field, ( /6 /7 )E