An engineer wants to determine the effectiveness of a safety program. He collects annual loss of hours due to accidents in 12 plants before and after the program was put into operation. Plant 1 2 3 4 5 6 Before 108 117 123 107 72 88 After 109 84 81 101 65 79 Plant 7 8 9 10 11 12 Before 98 89 67 60 94 113 After 110 73 59 74 62 111 Click here for the Excel Data File Let the difference be defined as Before After. a. Specify the competing hypotheses that determine whether the safety program was effective. O HO: HD=0; HA: UDE O O HO: HD S 0; HA: UD>O Ho: UD 2 0; HA: UDCO b-1. Calculate the value of the test statistic. Assume that the hours difference is normally distributed. (Round intermediate calculations to at least 4 decimal places and final to 2 decimal places.) Test statistic b-2. Find the p-value. 0.025 %media:le.png% p-value