1. An executive of an ice-cream manufacturing considering changing to an artificial vanilla flavoring to reduce the cost of production. To determine if this will affect consumer tastes, six different recipes are used and individuals are asked to rank order the tastes of vanilla ice-cream with either artificial vanilla flavoring or real vanilla flavoring. The individuals do not know which flavoring is in the ice-cream. The ranking of the six ice-creams was as follows with A standing for artificial flavor and R standing for real vanilla flavoring.

Rank	1	2	3	4	5	6
Flavor	R	A	R	R	A	A

1. What type of data is this?
2. What is the null and alternative hypothesis?
3. How many possible outcomes are there if the null is true? Show work.
4. Draw a graph depicting the outcomes just showing the 2 most extreme outcomes in the two tails.
5. Using an alpha () of .10, do the five-step hypothesis test procedur
6. What is the two-tailed p-value for these results? Explain what is meant by p-value in terms of the problem.