An observation $($by conventional sounding$)$ of temperature as a function of pressure was made at a

meteorological station. The text file, $$An observation $($by conventional sounding$)$ of temperature as a function of pressure was made at a

meteorological station. The text file, $$gefd$2024\_$hw$3\_$data.txt$,$ contains the data. A matlab code for

reading the data is given in the Appendix. The code and data will be posted separately. The first record

in the data $($p $=926\mathrm{.}0$ mb$,$ T $=5\mathrm{.}9\backslash$deg C$)$ is the measurement taken at the surface. The elevation of the

station is $650$ m$.($At the surface, the height is already z $=650$ m$.)$

$($a$)$ From the data, calculate and plot the vertical profiles of pressure $($p$),$ temperature $($T$),$ density $(),$

and potential temperature $(\backslash$theta $,$ using ps $=926\mathrm{.}0$ mb as the reference pressure$)$ as a function of height. If

tropopause is defined as the location with the minimum of temperature, what is the height $($in meters$)$

of the tropopause for this observed profile?

$($b$)$ Calculate and plot the vertical profile of the lapse rate of temperature, $\backslash$Gamma $$ dT$/$dz$,$ as a function of

height. Compare it to the dry adiabatic lapse rate, $\backslash$Gamma d $$ g$/$cp$,$ and use this as the basis to discuss the

$($dry$)$ static stability of the atmospheric column. $($Your result here should be consistent with the plot of

$\backslash$theta $($z$)$ from Part $($a$).$ Note that the stability criterion, $\backslash$Gamma $<\backslash$Gamma d$,$ is equivalent to d$\backslash$theta $/$dz $>0.),$ contains the data. A matlab code for

reading the data is given in the Appendix. The code and data will be posted separately. The first record

in the data $($p $=926\mathrm{.}0$ mb$,$ T $=5\mathrm{.}9\backslash$deg C$)$ is the measurement taken at the surface. The elevation of the

station is $650$ m$.($At the surface, the height is already z $=650$ m$.)$

$($a$)$ From the data, calculate and plot the vertical profiles of pressure $($p$),$ temperature $($T$),$ density $(),$

and potential temperature $(\backslash$theta $,$ using ps $=926\mathrm{.}0$ mb as the reference pressure$)$ as a function of height. If

tropopause is defined as the location with the minimum of temperature, what is the height $($in meters$)$

of the tropopause for this observed profile?

$($b$)$ Calculate and plot the vertical profile of the lapse rate of temperature, $\backslash$Gamma $$ dT$/$dz$,$ as a function of

height. Compare it to the dry adiabatic lapse rate, $\backslash$Gamma d $$ g$/$cp$,$ and use this as the basis to discuss the

$($dry$)$ static stability of the atmospheric column. $($Your result here should be consistent with the plot of

$\backslash$theta $($z$)$ from Part $($a$).$ Note that the stability criterion, $\backslash$Gamma $<\backslash$Gamma d$,$ is equivalent to d$\backslash$theta $/$dz $>0.)$ An observation $($by conventional sounding$)$ of temperature as a function of pressure was made at a

meteorological station. The text file, $$gefd$2024\_$hw$3\_$data.txt$,$ contains the data. A matlab code for

reading the data is given in the Appendix. The code and data will be posted separately. The first record

in the data $($p $=926\mathrm{.}0$ mb$,$ T $=5\mathrm{.}9\backslash$deg C$)$ is the measurement taken at the surface. The elevation of the

station is $650$ m$.($At the surface, the height is already z $=650$ m$.)$

$($a$)$ From the data, calculate and plot the vertical profiles of pressure $($p$),$ temperature $($T$),$ density $(),$

and potential temperature $(\backslash$theta $,$ using ps $=926\mathrm{.}0$ mb as the reference pressure$)$ as a function of height. If

tropopause is defined as the location with the minimum of temperature, what is the height $($in meters$)$

of the tropopause for this observed profile?

$($b$)$ Calculate and plot the vertical profile of the lapse rate of temperature, $\backslash$Gamma $$ dT$/$dz$,$ as a function of

height. Compare it to the dry adiabatic lapse rate, $\backslash$Gamma d $$ g$/$cp$,$ and use this as the basis to discuss the

$($dry$)$ static stability of the atmospheric column. $($Your result here should be consistent with the plot of

$\backslash$theta $($z$)$ from Part $($a$).$ Note that the stability criterion, $\backslash$Gamma $<\backslash$Gamma d$,$ is equivalent to d$\backslash$theta $/$dz $>0.)$ The text file mentioned in the question, contains these values: $926\mathrm{.}05\mathrm{.}9$

$920\mathrm{.}05\mathrm{.}7$

$907\mathrm{.}75\mathrm{.}2$

$889\mathrm{.}04\mathrm{.}7$

$874\mathrm{.}43\mathrm{.}6$

$850\mathrm{.}01\mathrm{.}5$

$810\mathrm{.}4-1\mathrm{.}4$

$795\mathrm{.}0-2\mathrm{.}6$

$779\mathrm{.}9-4\mathrm{.}1$

$762\mathrm{.}0-5\mathrm{.}6$

$750\mathrm{.}3-6\mathrm{.}4$

$721\mathrm{.}4-8\mathrm{.}1$

$700\mathrm{.}0-9\mathrm{.}4$

$693\mathrm{.}7-9\mathrm{.}7$

$688\mathrm{.}0-10\mathrm{.}1$

$660\mathrm{.}0-12\mathrm{.}0$

$649\mathrm{.}0-12\mathrm{.}6$

$638\mathrm{.}6-13\mathrm{.}7$

$635\mathrm{.}0-14\mathrm{.}3$

$630\mathrm{.}0-15\mathrm{.}0$

$628\mathrm{.}0-15\mathrm{.}3$

$622\mathrm{.}0-15\mathrm{.}8$

$619\mathrm{.}0-16\mathrm{.}1$

$615\mathrm{.}0-16\mathrm{.}5$

$609\mathrm{.}0-17\mathrm{.}2$

$601\mathrm{.}0-17\mathrm{.}5$

$590\mathrm{.}7-18\mathrm{.}0$

$586\mathrm{.}0-18\mathrm{.}2$

$567\mathrm{.}0-19\mathrm{.}8$

$562\mathrm{.}0-20\mathrm{.}5$

$559\mathrm{.}0-20\mathrm{.}6$

$544\mathrm{.}0-22\mathrm{.}5$

$534\mathrm{.}0-23\mathrm{.}7$

$521\mathrm{.}7-25\mathrm{.}0$

$513\mathrm{.}0-26\mathrm{.}0$

$511\mathrm{.}0-26\mathrm{.}2$

$506\mathrm{.}0-25\mathrm{.}8$

$502\mathrm{.}0-25\mathrm{.}4$

$500\mathrm{.}3-25\mathrm{.}6$

$500\mathrm{.}0-25\mathrm{.}6$

$492\mathrm{.}0-26\mathrm{.}3$

$459\mathrm{.}3-30\mathrm{.}7$

$427\mathrm{.}0-35\mathrm{.}2$

$423\mathrm{.}0-35\mathrm{.}8$

$418\mathrm{.}0-35\mathrm{.}3$

$415\mathrm{.}0-35\mathrm{.}2$

$400\mathrm{.}0-37\mathrm{.}5$

$386\mathrm{.}0-38\mathrm{.}4$

$384\mathrm{.}0-38\mathrm{.}7$

$369\mathrm{.}1-39\mathrm{.}0$

$342\mathrm{.}0-39\mathrm{.}8$

$337\mathrm{.}0-38\mathrm{.}7$

$311\mathrm{.}0-38\mathrm{.}2$

$308\mathrm{.}9-38\mathrm{.}2$

$306\mathrm{.}0-38\mathrm{.}4$

$300\mathrm{.}0-38\mathrm{.}7$

$295\mathrm{.}5-38\mathrm{.}9$

$290\mathrm{.}0-39\mathrm{.}2$

$284\mathrm{.}0-38\mathrm{.}6$

$282\mathrm{.}7-38\mathrm{.}9$

$272\mathrm{.}0-40\mathrm{.}0$

$268\mathrm{.}0-39\mathrm{.}7$

$261\mathrm{.}0-40\mathrm{.}4$

$258\mathrm{.}6-40\mathrm{.}1$

$256\mathrm{.}0-39\mathrm{.}0$

$250\mathrm{.}0-39\mathrm{.}3$

$247\mathrm{.}3-39\mathrm{.}7$

$243\mathrm{.}0-40\mathrm{.}0$

$241\mathrm{.}0-39\mathrm{.}3$

$233\mathrm{.}0-39\mathrm{.}7$

$230\mathrm{.}0-38\mathrm{.}4$

$226\mathrm{.}3-38\mathrm{.}9$

$225\mathrm{.}0-39\mathrm{.}1$

$221\mathrm{.}0-37\mathrm{.}8$

$216\mathrm{.}5-37\mathrm{.}9$

$215\mathrm{.}0-38\mathrm{.}0$

$200\mathrm{.}0-41\mathrm{.}4$

$195\mathrm{.}0-42\mathrm{.}8$

$189\mathrm{.}2-43\mathrm{.}9$

$177\mathrm{.}0-46\mathrm{.}4$

$172\mathrm{.}7-47\mathrm{.}0$

$165\mathrm{.}0-48\mathrm{.}0$

$158\mathrm{.}0-49\mathrm{.}1$

$150\mathrm{.}3-51\mathrm{.}8$