Analyze the theoretical basis of chemical reaction kinetics and its relevance to the design and optimization of chemical reactors. Discuss the different types of reaction kinetics models, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic reactions, and their corresponding rate laws. How do factors such as temperature, pressure, and concentration affect the reaction rate and mechanism? Evaluate the engineering strategies for characterizing and modeling reaction kinetics in industrial$-$scale reactors for applications such as synthesis, polymerization, and catalysis.