Anchoring is "the common human tendency to rely too heavily, or 'anchor,' on one trait or piece of information when making decisions." A group of students taking an introductory statistics course at a four-year university in California were asked to guess the population of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Some of the students were randomly chosen to be told that the nearby city of Chicago, Illinois has a population of about 3 million people, while the rest of the students were told that the nearby city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, has a population of about 100,000.

Our research question: On average, will students like the ones in the study tend to guess a higher population size for Milwaukee if they are told about Chicago's population size rather than told Green Bay's population size?

1.Express the null and alternative hypotheses for testing whether the class data give strong evidence in support of the anchoring phenomenon described above, in words.

a. Null: The long-run average guess of the population size of Milwaukee when given the Green Bay anchor is smaller than when given the Chicago anchor.

Alt: The long-run average guess of the population size of Milwaukee when given the Green Bay anchor is the same as with the Chicago anchor.

b. Null: The long-run average guess of the population size of Milwaukee when given the Green Bay anchor is the same as with the Chicago anchor.

Alt: The long-run average guess of the population size of Milwaukee when given the Green Bay anchor is smaller than when given the Chicago anchor.

c. Null: The long-run average guess of the population size of Milwaukee when given the Green Bay anchor is the same as with the Chicago anchor.

Alt: The long-run average guess of the population size of Milwaukee when given the Green Bay anchor is larger than when given the Chicago anchor.

d. Null: The long-run average guess of the population size of Milwaukee when given the Green Bay anchor is larger than when given the Chicago anchor.

Alt: The long-run average guess of the population size of Milwaukee when given the Green Bay anchor is the same as with the Chicago anchor.

2.Express the null and alternative hypotheses for testing whether the class data give strong evidence in support of the anchoring phenomenon described above, using symbols.

a. Null: _GreenBay> _Chicago

Alt: _GreenBay= _Chicago

b. Null: _GreenBay< _Chicago

Alt: _GreenBay= _Chicago

c. Null: _GreenBay= _Chicago

Alt: _GreenBay> _Chicago

d. Null: _GreenBay= _Chicago

Alt: _GreenBay< _Chicago