Andrew, age 2, was scheduled to go to the hospital for some tests. As the family prepared to leave, Andrew's 5-year-old brother, Matthew, repeated, "I don't like this, I don't want this to happen!" His parents tried to explain that the tests would help the doctors make Andrew better. Matthew continued to cry. Finally, his father insisted that he stop crying so that he didn't upset his brother and said, "Andrew is the one who is having the tests and he isn't as upset as you are!" Matthew immediately stopped crying and asked, "I don't have to have this? Andrew has to have this?" Upon hearing this, Andrew started to cry. Matthew calmly turned toward his brother, gently patted his arm, and said in a kind voice: "It's OK, Andrew, I don't have to have this! You can feel better, Andrew." Use theories of Cognitive Development and learning & memory to analysis the examples.

Explain the factors that can impact the cognitive development.

What is Andrews Piagetian stage of Cognitive Development?

What type of error does his thinking reflect ?