Another potential limitation of the study is response bias. Participants were asked to rate their confidence levels, which may not accurately show their actual performance, as most of them thought they would do either better or worse than they actually did. To address this limitation, future research could include response time. Finally, the study design did not address the impact of the content of the texts on performance. To address this limitation, future research could consider the type and content of texts, as well as the frequency of interruptions caused by texting, as factors that may influence performance.