Answer question 25 A-E please

24. Seedlings of the parasitic plant Cnscuto pentag- ono (dodder) hunt by directing growth preferen- tially toward nearby.l host plants. Lacking eyes. or even a nervous system, how do they detect their victims? To investigate the possibility that _ the parasite detects volatile chemicals produced by host plants, Runyon et al. (2006) placed individual dodder seedlings into a vial of water at the center of a circular paper disc. A chamber containing volatile extracts from tomato {a host plant) in solvent was placed at one edge of the disc. whereas a control chamber containing only solvent was placed at the opposite end. The researchers divided the diso onto equal-area quadrats to record in which direction the seed- lings grew. Of 30 dodder plants tested. 1? seed- lings grew toward the volatiles. 2 grew away {toward the solvent), 7 grew toward the left side. and 4 grew toward the right side. 25. Refer to Assignment Problem 24. The research- ers used gas chromatographic analysis to extract ind identify eight major volatile chemicais pres... ent in the host plants (tomato); They tested each"- ot' these chemicals separately'using the same- experimental design to determine whether dad; der seedlings would preferentially orient their '_ growth. Of 34 dodder plants tested with one of these chemicals, ot-pinette (also present in pine resin, as its name suggests). 11 seedlings grew 1 toward the voiatiles, 6 grew away, 8 grew toward the hell side. and 9 grew. toward- the right side. . The authors compared dress observed frequen- '- cies to those expected by the null hypothesis. - Theirtest statistic was if =_ 1.53.1'hey obtained 1' P _= 0.68. Answer the following questions: .5. a. What are the null andaltemate hypotheses? '_'. it. Their :6 test statistic has how many degrees - - of freedom? . . Based on these results. state whether each of the _. following statements is either true or false: ' c. The observed frequencies are compatible , with the proportional probability model. 6. The difference between the observed and expected frequencies is statistically signicant. . . e. The test statistic exceeds the critical value corresponding to or = 0.05. l\". Dodder plants do not orient their growth toward the plant volatile or-pinenc. 3. There is no evidence that doddet plants ori- ent their growth toward depinene. h. The difference between the proportion of individuals that grow toward or-pinene and that grow away from cr-pinene in the doddet population is small