Answer questions 9.1 - 9.11, 9.17-9.26

EXERCISES AND STUDY QUESTIONS 9.1 Besides being a good basis for placement of employees in appropriate jobs for their physical characteristics, what is a secondary reason for baseline physical examinations? 9.2 How would you distinguish between the terms toxic substances and hazardous materials? 9.3 Identify the seven principal classes of toxic substances. 9.4 What is the technical name for the "drinking" variety of alcohol? To what toxic substance class does it belong? 9.5 Identify the three principal routes for toxins to enter the body. 9.6 Identify a career field in which workers are particularly vulnerable to contamination from biohazarc exposure to the eyes. 9.7 What is the "standards completion project?" Name at least two common substances that are covered by such standards. 9.8 Name at least three common, odorless gases that can be dangerous. 9.9 What extremely foul-smelling toxic gas has the potential of overcoming a person's olfactory system? What does olfactory mean? 9.10 Explain the relationship between AL and PEL. What do these terms represent? 9.11 What is the definition of the word fumes? 9.17 Name at least five pneumoconioses. Which are most dangerous? 9.18 How do fibroses differ from other pneumoconioses? 9.19 Name the two basic classes of asphyxiants and give examples of each. 9.20 Explain the following terms: (a) Mutagen (b) Carcinogen (c) Teratogen 9.21 In what ways are the threats of poisons at work different from those at home? 9.22 What is the difference between fumes and vapors? 9.23 Compare the particle sizes of the following substances: (a) Zinc oxide fumes (b) Tobacco smoke (c) Diameter of human hair (d) Bacteria 9.24 Explain the following terms: (a) TLV (b) PEL (c) TWA (d) MAC (e) STEL (f) AL 9.25 Name some traditional methods of detecting the presence of dangerous air contaminants and explain advantages and disadvantages of each. 9.26 Name three basic approaches to measuring air-contaminant exposures