Answer the following questions:

Torques & Moments

• What is a torque? What are the components of a torque? How can you manipulate the components of a torque to definitely increase/decrease torque?
• How do you calculate torque? What are the 2 equations to do so? How can we determine if torque is positive or negative?
• What's the difference between a moment arm and lever arm?
• What are the components of a muscle force? What is each component responsible for?
• What contributes to an internal moment? What makes muscle actions concentric or eccentric?
• What is muscle co-contraction and how does it influence a net joint moment?
• When is co-contraction good and when is it bad?
• What are the non-muscular contributions to the external moment?
• Be able to determine if the moment is internal/external and causing flexion/extension etc.
• What happens to torque and non-rotary force as muscle angle of pull changes?
• Be able to solve for muscle force/torque in situations of static equilibrium
• Explain the 3 types of levers with anatomical examples
• What is a mechanical advantage/disadvantage?
• What are equilibrium, stability, and balance?

Angular Kinematics

• What are the differences between a segment and joint angle?
• Be able to calculate both
• How do you add anatomical context to calculated joint angles?
• Angular distance vs displacement? Speed vs velocity? What is angular acceleration?
• What is the importance of the knee flexion angle during gait? What population appears to have diminished knee flexion angles?
• What is the link between linear and angular kinematics?
• Understand differences in linear and angular displacement on a rotating body.
• What is tangential velocity? How is it relevant to sports?
• What is centripetal acceleration?

Angular Kinetics

• What is the COM? Are there differences in COM location men vs women? Why or why not?
• What are some limitations of current COM estimates?
• What is moment of inertia?
• Explain the moment of inertia with respect to running and a baseball bat with a donut on it.
• Explain the conservation of angular momentum with examples (skater, diver, etc)
• What are Newton's Laws in an angular sense?