Answer the following research questions in at a least two pages, excluding reference sections. Please Cite your sources and give examples if applicable.

Q$1.$

What are the fundamental principles of application security in information Security?

What are the most common tools and techniques used for vulnerability scanning in applications?

How can static and dynamic application security testing $($SAST and DAST$)$ be integrated into the software development lifecycle?

Q$2.$

Case Studies and Real$-$World Applications

Analyze a recent high$-$profile application security breach. What were the vulnerabilities exploited and what measures could have prevented it$?$