Answer the questions below:

Question $1$: Deadlock Prevention Strategies

Scenario:

A financial institution's database system frequently encounters deadlocks due to high concurrency and resource contention. The system handles various transactions, such as fund transfers, account updates, and report generation, which often require access to the same set of resources.

Tasks:

$1.$ Explain how the four necessary conditions for deadlock $($mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, circular wait$)$ apply to this scenario.

$2.$ Discuss at least two deadlock prevention strategies that could be implemented to mitigate the risk of deadlocks in this database system. Provide examples of how these strategies could be applied.

$3.$ Analyze the potential trade$-$offs and challenges associated with implementing these deadlock prevention strategies in a high$-$concurrency environment

Question $2$: Deadlock Detection and Recovery

Scenario:

A cloud service provider offers virtual machines $($VMs$)$ to clients, which can dynamically request additional resources $($CPU$,$ memory, storage$)$ based on demand. Occasionally, deadlocks occur when multiple VMs request the same resources simultaneously.

Tasks:

$1.$ Describe how deadlock detection can be implemented in this cloud environment. What algorithms or techniques can be used to detect deadlocks?

$2.$ Explain the steps involved in recovering from a detected deadlock. What are the possible actions the system can take to resolve the deadlock?

$3.$ Evaluate the impact of frequent deadlock detection on system performance and resource utilization. How can the system balance the need for deadlock detection with maintaining optimal performance?

Question # $3$ Process scheduling

You are a system administrator responsible for managing a multi$-$user operating system that often experiences performance issues due to inefficient process scheduling. Users have reported long wait times, and the system seems unresponsive during peak hours. Explain how process scheduling affects system performance and what factors can lead to inefficient scheduling. Provide a detailed analysis of the impact of process priorities and CPU scheduling algorithms on system responsiveness and user experience.

Question # $4$ Process scheduling

You are a software developer tasked with designing a new process scheduling algorithm for an operating system used in a server environment. The primary goal is to optimize CPU utilization, reduce latency, and enhance system responsiveness. Suppose In a server environment, where multiple client requests need to be processed simultaneously, efficient process scheduling is crucial to ensure optimal system performance. Explain where your scheduling algorithm can make a significant difference and outline the key design considerations for your new algorithm, including how it handles process priorities and CPU allocation.

Question $5$: File System Design and Efficiency

Scenario:

A software development company is designing a new operating system tailored for high$-$performance computing environments. The system will handle large volumes of data and require efficient file access and management.

Tasks:

$1.$ Explain the different file allocation methods $($contiguous$,$ linked, and indexed allocation$).$ Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method in the context of high$-$performance computing.

$2.$ Propose a file allocation strategy for the new operating system. Justify your choice based on the requirements of high$-$performance computing.

$3.$ Discuss how the chosen file allocation strategy can impact the overall system performance. Consider factors such as access speed, fragmentation, and ease of file management.