Answer the questions below:

Question $6$: Concurrency and Resource Management

Scenario:

A software development company is designing a new web server that needs to handle multiple client requests concurrently. The server must ensure efficient resource utilization and avoid common concurrency issues such as race conditions and deadlocks.

Tasks:

$1.$ Explain the potential concurrency issues that the web server might face when handling multiple client requests simultaneously. Discuss how race conditions and deadlocks can occur in this context.

$2.$ Propose a concurrency control mechanism to manage access to shared resources $($e$.$g$.,$ database connections, file handles$)$ in the web server. Explain how this mechanism can prevent race conditions and deadlocks.

$3.$ Analyze the trade$-$offs between using threads and processes for handling concurrent client requests. Which approach would you recommend for the web server, and why?

Question # $7$ Memory Management System

Scenario:

A cloud service provider is designing a new virtualized environment to host multiple virtual machines $($VMs$)$ for various clients. Each VM runs different applications, and the provider aims to optimize memory utilization while ensuring isolation and performance. The environment uses a combination of paging and segmentation to manage memory.

Tasks:

$1.$ Explain how paging and segmentation work in the context of memory management. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

$2.$ Propose a memory management strategy that combines both paging and segmentation for the virtualized environment. Explain how this strategy can optimize memory utilization and ensure isolation between VMs$.$

$3.$ Analyze the potential challenges of implementing this combined memory management strategy in a virtualized environment. Discuss how the system can address issues such as fragmentation, memory overhead, and performance.

Question # $8$ Security

Imagine you work as an IT security specialist for a medium$-$sized company that relies heavily on Windows$-$based systems for its day$-$to$-$day operations. You've recently been informed about a potential security breach in the Windows operating system used throughout the organization. You need to assess the situation and make critical decisions to protect the company's data and infrastructure.

Given this scenario, please outline the steps you would take to investigate and mitigate the security breach in the Windows operating system. What security measures and best practices would you recommend to prevent such incidents in the future?

Question # $9$ Disk Scheduling

You are the system administrator for a file server that stores and serves large volumes of data to users. Users have complained about slow file access times, particularly during peak usage hours. Explain the concept of disk scheduling in operating systems and how it impacts file access times. Identify potential causes of slow file access times related to disk scheduling and discuss strategies and mechanisms that can be employed to optimize disk scheduling and improve file access performance in this scenario.

Question # $10$ Concurrency

You are a software developer responsible for designing a real$-$time monitoring application that collects and processes data from multiple sensors simultaneously. The application must efficiently manage concurrency to ensure that sensor data is processed in real$-$time. According to the given below scenario in which concurrency issues can affect the real$-$time data processing. Explain in detail the key considerations and synchronization mechanisms that can be employed to address concurrency challenges and meet the real$-$time requirements.

Scenario: Imagine a scenario where the application receives data from various sensors monitoring critical infrastructure, such as a power grid. The sensors send data at different intervals and concurrently. The application must process this data in real$-$time and raise alerts or take corrective actions based on the received data.