ANSWER THIS QUESTIONS

Question 4 (32 marks): This question uses information from the data le Koalas21.sav found under the Assessment tab on the Study Desk (also see Koalas21.txt for more details about the survey and the variables measured). a) A researcher is firstly interested to know if there is an association between the Year (2010, 2011 and 2012) and Location {Bushland and Urban) of the koalas. Use SPSS to create a contingency table to display both the observed and expected counts (1 mark). Edit the title of the table to reect the context of the study and include your name {1 mark). Based on your understanding of the assumptions do you think a Chi Square test of Independence would be a feasible analysis (1 marks)? (3 marks rota!) b) Given the difculties in the data from part (a) the researcher is now interested to know if there is an association between the Year (2010. 2011 and 2012) and Age (Adult and Juvenile) of the koalas. Use SPSS to create a contingency table to display the frequencies of koala ages (Adult and Juvenile) and the year of observation. Edit the title of the table to reect the context of the study and include your name (1 mark). Include the contingency table in your answer (1 mark) and describe whether, based on the frequencies, you think there is an association between the variables and why (1 ma rk). (3 marks totaf). c) Researchers wish to perform a Chi-Square Test of Independence to test if there is an association between the age of koalas and the year they were observed. (4 marks totai) i. State the appropriate hypotheses for this test. (2 marks) ii. What conditions and assumptions are required when performing this test? You do not need to check the assumptions at this point, just list them. (2 marks) d) Using SPSS perform the Chi-Square Test of Independence for the hypotheses in part E) s) (c). Include the following in your answer and make sure all tables have relevant titles {6 marks total): i. The SPSS output showing a table of the Wed frequencies and the output needed to nd the test statistic and P-value for this test. (2 marks) ii. State the value of the test statistic for this test. (0.5 mark) iii. State the P-value for this test. (0.5 mark) iv. A note is automatically included by SPSS below the output for the test statistic and P-value for this test. Interpret the meaning of this note in the context of one of the test assumptions you have stated in part b). (1 mark) v. Interpret the P-value and write a meaningful conclusion in the context of the resea rcher's question. {2 marks) * Use SPSS to provide a table of standardized residuals for the association analyzed in part c) (1 mark), including an appropriate title and your name in the title (1 mark). Interpret this output in the context of the original hypotheses (3 marks). Why is it appropriate to consider the residuals in this case and when would it not be a valid approach (1 mark)? (6 marks total) *In SPSS create a contingency table with frequencies and conditional distribution percentages on Age {2 marks) and then another table with conditional distribution percentages on Year (2 marks). Provide both tables for your answer. The title for each table should reect the context of the study and include your name in the title. (4 marks total) *Use the conditional distribution tables from part f) to help you further explain your ndings from parts c) and d). That is, explain your conclusion in less than 200 words, using a numerical example(s) from the conditional distribution tables. {6 marks total)