answer which statistical test would be the most appropriate by indicating either the letter from the list below. a. Independent t-test b. Dependent/paired t-test c. One-way ANOVA d. Two-way ANOVA e. Repeated Measures ANOVA f. ANCOVA ______ A researcher is studying the effect of early discharge of maternity patients on their perceived maternal competence. The researcher administered a competence survey to 30 primiparas who were discharged within 24 hours of delivery and 30 primiparas who remained in the hospital for greater than 24 hours post-delivery. Maternal competence is measured as a continuous variable that is approximately normally distributed. Is there a difference in maternal competence based on the time of discharge? ______ A researcher is interested in studying to effect of gender (male versus female) and therapy type (behavior modification versus hypnosis) on the number of cigarettes smoked per day (approximately normally distributed). The researcher hypothesizes that both gender and

type of therapy will have an effect on the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The patients were randomized into combinations of these two conditions.

______ A researcher was interested in the effects of journal therapy on depression. Sixty individuals diagnosed with severe depression were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups (20 individuals in each group). The first group received journal therapy (writing about their feelings for an hour each day for three weeks) and regular counseling, the second group received only journal therapy, and the third group received only regular counseling. All sixty individuals were given a depression scale before (baseline) and after treatment. Assume the assumptions of the parametric method were satisfied. Do depression scores after the intervention differ among the three groups, after removing the effect of the baseline depression score? ______ A researcher investigated the effect of sleep deprivation on motor-skills performance. A sample of 50 participants was tested on a motor-skills task after 24 hours of sleep deprivation, tested again, after 36 hours, and tested once more after 48 hours. The dependent variable is the number of errors made on the motor-skills task, and follows a normal distribution. Does the number of hours of sleep deprivation have a significant effect on motor-skills performance? ______ A researcher is comparing somatic complaints, as measured on a Physical Symptom Survey, of three different groups of individuals: nonsmokers, smokers, individuals who recently quit smoking. Is there a significant difference in the number of somatic complaints (normally distributed) across the three groups of individuals?