Anti-tax avoidance measures are necessary in order to protect the tax revenues of a jurisdiction and to prevent the abuse of its tax legislations. In line with other developed tax jurisdictions, there are some general anti-tax avoidance measures under the taxation systems of both Hong Kong and mainland China. Required: a Assess and explain if there are any similarities in the anti-tax avoidance measures and rules between the two tax systems. (You are required to discuss the conceptual principles and approaches rather than the administrative procedures.) (12 marks) b Identify three anti-tax avoidance measures which are implemented under the mainland China tax system but not in Hong Kong. Where appropriate, you should demonstrate your understanding of the anti-tax avoidance measures by examples. (18 marks)