Application software is

a$.$ Computer programs and procedures necessary for carrying out some specific task.

b$.$ Computer software that controls the operation of the computer and provides a platform on which application software operates.

c$.$ Small programs that perform tasks related to the management of a computer.

d$.$ A main component of an operating system that directly controls a computer's hardware and access to that hardware.

e$.$ Computer programs and data responsible for managing a computer's hardware resources and providing a platform for other software.