Applying Biostatistics Concepts: Estimation For this exerciseyou will be analyzing provided data on hospital stays. These problems utilize the data presented in Table 2.13 on page 36 of the textbookRather than manually calculating the values, you may wish to input the relevant data into Excel or SPSS to calculate the confidence intervals . HINTHere is a walk - through of the confidence function in Excel: CONFIDENCE, and here is a set of tutorials for using SPSS: Confidence Intervals for Means Assignment Provide a response to each of the problems listed in the textbook for the Hospital Stay case (problems 6,11- 6,17). Gastroenterology Suppose we are asked to construct a list of treatment as- signments for patients entering a study comparing different treatments for duodenal ulcer . 6.1 Anticipating that 20 patients will be entered in the study and two treatments will be used, construct a list of random - treatment assignments starting in the 28th row of the random- number table (Table 4 in the Appendix ). 6.2 Count the number of people assigned to each treat- ment group. How does this number compare with the ex- pected number in each group ? 6.3 Suppose we change our minds and decide to enroll 40 patients and use four treatment groups . Use a computer program (such as MINITAB or Excel) to construct the list of random - treatment assignments referred to in Problem 6.16.4 Answer Problem 6.2 for the list of treatment assign- ments derived in Problem 6.3. Pulmonary Disease The data in Table 6.10 concern the mean triceps skin-fold thickness in a group of normal men and a group of men with chronic airflow limitation 5]taBIE 6.10 Triceps skin-fold thickness in normal men and men with chronic airflow limitation Group Normal Mean 1.35 sd 0.5 n 40 Chronic airflow limitation Mean 0.92. sd 0.4n 32 6.5 What is the standard error of the mean for each group? 6.6 Assume that the central -limit theorem is applicable . What does it mean in this context? 6.7 Find the upper 1st percentile of a t distribution with 16 df. 6.8 Find the lower 10th percentile of a t distribution with 28 df. 6.9 Find the upper 2.5th percentile of a t distribution with 7 df. 6.10 What are the upper and lower 2.5th percentiles for a chi-square distribution with 2 df? What notation is used to denote these percentiles? Refer to the data in Table 2.13. Regard this hospital as typi- cal of Pennsylvania hospitals. 6.11 Compute a 95% for the mean age. 6.12 Compute a 95% for the mean white blood count following admission. 6.13 Answer Problem 6.12 for a 90% . 6.14 What is the relationship between your answers to Problems and 6.13? 6.15 What is the best point estimate of the percentage of males among patients discharged from Pennsylvania hospitals? 6.16 What is the standard error of the estimate obtained in Problem 6.15? 6.17 Provide a 95% CL for the percentage of males among patients discharge from Pennsylvania hospitals.