As described in the Spotlight on Technology case, which of the following constitutes an organizational element in the UPS tracking system?

a$.$ Routing software that creates the most efficient delivery route for each driver

b$.$ The use of handheld computers and networks for managing package delivery

c$.$ Promoting the company strategy of low$-$cost$,$ superior service

d$.$ The monitoring service levels and costs by management

e$.$ The specification of procedures for identifying packages with sender and recipient information