As some of you know well, and others of you may be interested to learn, a number of languages (including Chinese and Japanese) are written without spaces between the words. Consequently, software that works with text written in these languages must address the word segmentation probleminferring likely boundaries between consecutive words in the text. If English were written without spaces, the analogous problem would consist of taking a string like meetateight and deciding that the best segmentation is meet at eight (and not me et at eight or meet ate ight 1 or any of a huge number of even less plausible alternatives). How could we automate this process?

A simple approach that is at least reasonably effective is to find a segmentation that simply maximizes the cumulative quality of its individual constituent words. Thus, suppose you are given a black box that, for any string of letters x = x1x2 xk, will return a number quality(x). This number can be either positive or negative; larger numbers correspond to more plausible English words. (So quality("me") would be positive while quality("ight") would be negative.)

Given a long string of letters y = y1y2 yn, a segmentation of y is a partition of its letters into contiguous blocks of letters, each block corresponding to a word in the segmentation. The total quality of a segmentation is determined by adding up the qualities of each of its blocks. (So we would get the right answer above provided that quality("meet") + quality("at") + quality("eight") was greater than the total quality of any other segmentation of the string.) Give an efficient algorithm that takes a string y and computes a segmentation of maximum total quality. You can treat a single call to the black box computing quality(x) as a single computational step. Prove the correctness of your algorithm and analyze its time complexity.