As some of you may recall, before the U.S. sent troops to Iraq in 2003, Congress gave President Bush authorization to do so. The White House has always maintained that such Congressional authorization was an unnecessary "rubber stamp" and that it was seeking the approval of Congress not because it had to, but because it wanted to. This is nothing new. No president has ever admitted that Congress has authority to stop him from sending troops abroad to defend U.S. interests.

Congress has seen it somewhat differently, however. In 1973, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C.S. 1541-1548). This Act, although it recognized the president's power to send troops in an emergency without Congressional consent, required the president to get Congressional approval before leaving the troops overseas for an extended period of time. It also imposed certain reporting and other requirements on the commitment of troops.

Since the War Powers Resolution was passed, no president has acknowledged its validity, as every president has thought that the Resolution infringes on the president's power as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. In fact, it is very rare that Congress has tried to enforce the War Powers Resolution.