Ashraf was a high school teacher at the Pawnee School District earning $50,000 per year but quit in order to start his own business. To invest in his business, he withdrew $15,000 from his savings, which paid 3 percent interest, and borrowed $40,000 from a bank at 5 percent interest rate. Last year Ashraf paid $35,000 for supplies and had revenue of $85,000. Ashraf's total cost (explicit costs + implicit costs) =