Assignment \#1: Cash budget and budgeted income statement. George Georgiou owns a factory that specializes in making aluminum pistons on a just in time basis. George buys his aluminum only after he receives a firm order. Thus, George only buys materials for and produces what he sells in a particular month. To build his business and gain new customers George has extended generous credit terms to his customers. While George is confident about the fundamentals of his business, he is concerned about the possible cash flow implications. George informs you that he currently collects 2/3 of sales in the month after the sale and 1/3 of sales two months later (for example 2/3 of January sales are collected in February and 1/3 in March.). He pays for 75% of his materials purchases in the same month of the purchase and 25% one month later. Costs of labor and overhead other than depreciation are paid in the same month they are incurred. His monthly fixed selling and administrative costs, other than interest, amount to $335,000, of which $65,000 is depreciation. Variable selling costs are budgeted at $1 per unit. These costs also, excepting depreciation, are paid in the month incurred. George has large tax loss carry forwards from a previous unsuccessful business venture. Therefore, he does not expect to pay any income taxes this year. (In other words, you may ignore income taxes). The selling price of pistons is $27 per piston. George provides the following information regarding his sales in units for January (last month), February (the current month) and the next 3 months. The variable costs of producing a piston are budgeted at: $10 for materials, $2 for labor, and $8 for overhead. Fixed overhead is budgeted at $480,000 per month. The detailed components of fixed and variable overhead are as listed below. For variable overhead supplies are budgeted at $1 per unit, electric power is budgeted at $5 per unit, and indirect labor is budgeted at $2 per unit. For fixed overhead depreciation is budgeted at $180,000 per month, Supervision and other salaries is budgeted at $160,000 per month, insurance is budgeted at $14,000 per month, maintenance is budgeted at $22,000 per month, licensing fees and permits to use proprietary technology are budgeted at $48,000 per month, and other fixed expenses are budgeted at $56,000 per month. Assume George's opening cash balance on March 1 is $11,000. George requires a minimum cash balance of $5,000 at the end of each month. If the budgeted cash balance will fall below this level George plans to borrow enough cash at the beginning of the month to keep his ending balance up to the minimum level. George's bank charges him interest at the rate of 1% per month (12\% per year) on the balance outstanding during that month. The interest expense is paid in the month after borrowing funds (for example, if George borrows money in March, he will pay the interest expense in April). 1. Construct George's cash budget for the three months of March, April, and May and the total for the three months combined. Fixed overhead expenses requiring cash may be grouped as a single line item called "fixed overhead." Variable overhead items may be grouped as a single line item called "variable overhead." Remember to include interest on any borrowing as a separate line item. Show any necessary calculations. 2. Construct George's contribution margin format budgeted income statement for the three months of March, April, and May and the total for the three months combined. Fixed overhead expenses may be grouped as fixed overhead. Variable overhead costs may be grouped as variable overhead. Remember to include interest on any borrowing. You can assume that any borrowing is done on the last day of the month. Therefore, any interest expense should be recognized the month after borrowing the funds. Show any necessary calculations. 3. Explain why George is facing a cash flow problem despite his business being profitable. Your answer should be at most half a page (single space, 11pt font). 4. During March, George produced and sold 180,000 pistons for $27 per piston. Actual costs were as detailed in the table below. Complete the table by constructing a (flexible) budget and performance report including variances for March based on 180,000 pistons. The "Flexible Budget" column should show the expected costs for 180,000 units produced. The "Variance" column should show the difference between the "Flexible Budget" cost and the "Actual Cost." You should show the detailed fixed and variable overhead components as line items for this requirement. Use the template provided below for your answer. Performance Report for March 202X ACCT 30163: COST ANALYSIS AND CONTROL Fall 2023 \begin{tabular}{|l|r|r|r|} \hline Permits and license fees & & $51,700 & \\ \hline Factory depreciation & & $180,000 & \\ \hline Other Overhead expenses & & $43,756 & \\ \hline Selling and administrative expenses & & $460,465 & \\ \hline Total Expenses & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}