Assignment DAB8A1

Questions

1. which view of criminality argues that people commit crimes if they believe it will provide immediate benefits without the threat of long-term risks?

a. social structure theory

b. psychological theory

c. Social process theory

d. Choice theory

2. According to Non-Interventionists, the efforts to treat offenders may lead to further stigmata beyond the scope of the original offense; this is referred to as _________.

a. Deinstitutionalization

b. Nolo presequi

c. Victimless crime

d. Widening the net of justice

3. The concept that increases in minority populations within specific geographic areas or neighborhoods result in an increase in police intervention and social control is known as _______.

a. Racial profiling

b. Rational choice theory

c. Cultural deviance theory

d. Racial threat hypothesis

4. At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea of guilty or no guilty?

a. Arraignment

b. Criminal trial

c. Preliminary hearing

d. Bail hearing

5. Which of the following crimes is NOT included on the list of Part I index crimes documented in the uniform crime reports?

a. Simple assault

b. Arson

c. Motor vehicle theft

d. Murder and non negligent manslaughter

6. The contemporary criminal justice system can be divide into three main componentes:

a. Law enforcement, the courts, and the legislature

b. The courts, the correctional system, and the legislature

c. Law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system

d. Law enforcement, the correctional system, and the legislature

7. Which of the following statements regarding victimization patterns is FALSE?

a. The poorest Americans are far more likely to be victims of violent crimes

b. Most violent crimes take place in ope, public areas

c. Married people tend to be victimized more than single people

d. African Americans are victimized at a higher rate than any other racial group

8. Which courts review whether the judge conducted the trial in an approved manner?

a. Magistrate courts

b. Special courts

c. Appellate courts

d. There is no court to review the conduct of the judge during trial

9. Using this definition, criminal law is a set of rules, codified by state authorities, that express norms, goals, and values of the vast majority of society______.

a. Conflict

b. Consensus

c. Interactionist

d. Moral entrepreneur

10. When a man is the victim of a violent crime, the perpetrator is usually described as a

/an_______.

a. Stranger

b. Acquaintance

c. Relative

d. Wife/girlfriend

11. Discretion by police officers occurs during the first four stages of the criminal justice process. In order, what are those stages?

a. Initial contact, arrest, charging, custody

b. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, charging

c. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody

d. Initial contact, arrest, investigation, charging

12. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Ethical issues transcend all elements of the criminal justice system

b. It is often difficult to determine what is fair and just and balance this concern with the needs of the public

c. Ethical issues stop with the arrest of a suspect

d. Ethical behavior is important in law enforcement because officers have the authority to deprive individuals of their liberty

13. Which of following is NOT one of the three broad areas of focus into which bio social theories of the causes of crime can be divided?

a. Genetic abnormalities

b. Neurological problems

c. cultural deviance

d. Biochemical factors

14. What commission, appointed by President Herbert Hoover, made a detailed analysis of the U.S. justice system and helped usher in the era of treatment and rehabilitation?

a. Chicago Crime Commission

b. American Bar Foundation Commission

c. Wickersham Commission

d. President's commission on law enforcement and administration of justice

15. In a study entitled delinquency in a Birth Cohort, researchers found that chronic offenders_______.

a. Are more likely to continue criminality if they are female

b. Become adult repeat offenders

c. Are deterred from further criminality if arrested during youth chronic offending

d. commit the most violent acts of all criminals

16. According to this justice perspective, the proper role of the justice system is to prevent crime through the judicious use of criminal sanctions. It demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those who violate the law.

a. Crime control

b. Rehabilitation

c. Due process

d. Equal justice

17. If the prosecution can present sufficient evidence, the grand jury will issue a/an _______, which specifies the exact charges on which the accused must stand trial.

a. True bill of indictment

b. Information

c. Charging bill

d. Nolle prosequi

18. Adherents of the _______ Perspective believe that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of committing a crime.

a. Crime control

b. Rehabilitation

c. Due process

d. Equal justice

19. Which of the following crimes would be placed in the top layer (layer 1) of the criminal justice "wedding cake"?

A. A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguard

b. A burglary occurs at a local tavern

c. An individual is arrested for public drunkenness

d. A first time offender assault a friend

20. Which justice perspective advocates mediation rather than coercive punishment?

a. Rehabilitation

b. Nonintervention

c. Equal justice

d. Restorative justice

21. ________ Theory recognizes that as people mature, the factors that influence their behavior change.

a. Social structure

b. Developmental

c. Psychological

d. Social process

22. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Crime control advocates call for harsh punishment as a deterrent to crime

b. Crime control advocates do not want legal technicalities to help the guilty go free and tie the hands of justice

c. Crime control advocates argue the more efficient the system, the greater its effectiveness

d. Crime control advocates do not question the criminal justice system's ability to rehabilitate offenders

23. Criminal justice can be viewed as a process that takes an offender through a series of decision points, beginning with arrest and concluding with re entry. Which of the following is an extralegal factor that critics argue may be involved in this process?

a. Offender's race

b. Offender's prior record

c. Seriousness of offense

d. Available evidence

24. Most reported crimes occur during _______.

a. Winter

b. Summer

c. Spring

d. Fall

25. Which type of data prefers the use of interviews and questionnaire's for high school students?

a. Observational

b. Victimization

c. Self-report

d. Official