Assume that two companies, Company X and Company Y, are alike in all respects, except the market value of the outstanding common shares of Company X is greater than the market value of Company Y shares. This may indicate that

a. Company Xs investors expect higher dividend growth than Company Ys investors.

b. Company Xs investors expect lower dividend growth than Company Ys investors.

c. Company Xs investors have longer expected holding periods than Company Ys investors.

d. Company Xs investors have shorter expected holding periods than Company Ys investors.