1. Assume the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics publication indicated that Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased to 115.2 in August 2022 from 107.5 in May 2022. Calculate the Pakistan's inflation rate for the period May to August 2022. Also, examine the effect of inflation on consumers.
2. The Pakistan Population Secretariat and Pakistan Bureau of Statistics published the following information in 2022:

• Total population: 235,824,862 million
• Labor force: 85% of the total population
• Employed population due to floods was only 75% of the labour force.

Use the information provided to answer the following questions:

1. Calculate the population that is excluded from the labour force in Pakistan in 2022 and indicate at least 4 sectors that are excluded from labour force.
2. Calculate the Pakistan Republic's unemployment rate in 2022.