Assume the yield curve is flat. If investors flood the short$-$term

market and avoid the long$-$term market, they may cause the

yield curve to:

remain flat.

become downward sloping.

become upward sloping.

do none of these.

Assume an investor's tax rate is $25$ percent. The before$-$tax

yield on a security is $12$ percent. What is the after$-$tax yield?

$16\mathrm{.}00$ percent

$9\mathrm{.}00$ percent

none of these

$9\mathrm{.}25$ percent

$3\mathrm{.}00$ percent