At both the top and bottom ends of the columns are fixed supports. First determine the A steel rod used as a column has a length of L = 50 in and a diameter d = 1.0 in. critical buckling load Per. Then check that the normal stress due to the Pcr you calculated is less than the material allowable stress. Take E = 29 106 psi and 4 Tallow = 36,000 psi. For the Moment of Inertia I of a solid circle use: I = 1r where r = d/2. P 4 L Le = 0.5L