AT RISK LIMITATIONS: Limits losses to amounts At-Risk.

PASSIVE ACTIVITY LOSS RULES: Limits losses by taxpayers not actively involved in the day-to-day operations of the business.

These are NOT stock and bond investments. They tend to be pretty confusing for investors. Dont just copy and paste, talk about what you think At Risk limitations and/or Passive Activity Loss (PALs) Rules are! Are they fair or not? Why?? What about the special rules for real estate investment? Are any of these topics in the news? Has the Tax Act of 2017 changed the tax treatments of any of these areas? What are your thoughts on the tax implications of these investor losses?

No plagiarizing and please answer all the questions fully.