At the end of the first month of opening your business, you calculate the actual operating costs of the business and the income you earned. You also notice and document the difference in what you budgeted for certain materials and labor against the actual amounts you spent on the same.

For your statement of cost of goods sold, use the following data regarding the actual costs incurred by the business over the past month:

• Materials purchased: $20,000
  • Consumed 80% of the purchased materials
• Direct labor: $8,493.33
• Overhead costs: $3,765

Note: Assume that the beginning materials and ending work in process are zero for the month.

Use the following revenue and cost information for the income statement. Note that the revenue you use will depend on the pricing level options you chose in Milestone Two. Also, assume that after accounting for weekends and other holidays, there were 20 business days in the first month of operation. For example, if you chose a sales price of $20 per collar, the actual number of collars sold in the month was 33 per day or 33 x 20 = 660 per month.

Established Sales Price	Number of Items Sold per Day
Collars
$20	33
$24	28
$28	23
Leashes
$22	28
$26	23
$30	18
Harnesses
$25	25
$30	22
$35	20

The other costs incurred by the business include:

• General and administrative salaries
  • Receptionist: $1,950
  • Owner salary: $500
• Depreciation: $165
• Rent: $750
• Utilities and insurance: $600
• Scissors, thread, and cording: $1,200
• Loan repayment: $550

Variance

At the end of the month, you find that the labor and materials spent on manufacturing collars was different from what you estimated:

• The collar maker had to work nine hours a day instead of eight due to an increased demand for collars.
• Because of the increased demand, the hourly rate you paid your employee for making the collars increased to $16.50.
• An increase in the cost of raw material led the direct material cost per collar to increase to $10.
• However, you also made and sold 60 more collars than you expected to sell in the month.

You now need to determine the variance in the materials and labor cost from what you estimated in Milestone Two based on the market research data.

Fixed Costs Collars Item High-tensile strength nylon webbing Polyesterylon ribbons Buckles made of cast hardware Price tags Variable Cost/Item $ 4.00 $ 3.00 $ 2.00 $ 0.10 $ $ $ Item Collar maker's salary (monthly) Depreciation on sewing machines Rent Utilities and insurance Scissors, thread, and cording Loan payment Salary to self 2,773.33 55.00 250.00 200.00 400.00 183.33 166.67 $ $ $ Total Variable Costs per Collar $ 9.10 Correct! Total Fixed Costs $ 4,028.33 Item Leashes Item High-tensile strength nylon webbing Polyesterylon ribbons Buckles made of cast hardware Price tags Variable Cost/Item $ 6.00 $ 4.50 $ 1.50 $ 0.10 $ $ Leash maker's salary (monthly) Depreciation on sewing machines Rent Utilities and insurance Scissors, thread, and cording Loan payment Salary to self Fixed Costs 2,773.33 55.00 250.00 200.00 400.00 183.33 166.67 Total Variable Costs per Leash $ 12.10 Correct! Total Fixed Costs $ 4,028.33 Item Fixed Costs Harnesses Item High-tensile strength nylon webbing Polyesterylon ribbons Buckles made of cast hardware Price tags Variable Cost/Item $ 6.00 $ 4.50 $ 4.00 $ 0.10 Harness maker's salary Depreciation on sewing machines Rent Utilities and insurance Scissors, thread, and cording Loan Salary to self $ $ $ $ $ $ 2,946.67 55.00 250.00 200.00 400.00 183.33 166.67 Milestone Two - Contribution Margin Analysis COLLARS LEASHES HARNESSES $ S $ Sales Price per Unit Variable Cost per Unit Contribution Margin 28.00 9.10 30.00 12.10 35.00 14.60 $ 18.90 $ 17.90 $ 20.40 Milestone Two - Break-Even Analysis COLLARS LEASHES HARNESSES Sales Price $ 28.00 $ 30.00 $ 35.00 Fixed Costs $ 4,028 $ 4,028 $ 4,202 Contribution Margin S 18.90 $ 17.90 S 20.40 Break-Even Units (round up) 206.00 213.14 225.05 Also, you can use the ROUNDUP Excel function for these units. Target Profit S 300.00 $ 400.00 $ 500.00 Break-Even Units (round up) S 229.01 247.39 230.00 Target Profit $ 500.00 $ 600.00 VE 650.00 Break-Even Units (round up) 239.59 247.39 238.00 Milestone Three - Statement of Cost of Goods Sold 0 0 Beginning Work in Process Inventory Direct Materials: Materials: Beginning Add: Purchases for month of January Materials available for use Deduct: Ending materials Materials Used Direct Labor Overhead Total Costs Deduct: Ending Work in Process Inventory 0 Cost of Goods Sold Milestone Three - Income Statement $ Revenue: Collars Leashes Harnesses $ Total Revenue: Cost of goods sold Gross profit $ $ Expenses: General and administrative salaries Depreciation Rent Utilities and insurance Scissors, thread, and cording Loan Total Expenses $ Net Income/Loss Milestone Three - Variance Analysis Data for Variance Analysis: Budgeted (Standard) Hours/Qty Budgeted (Standard) Rate Actual Hours/Qty Actual Rate Labor Materials Variances for Collar Sales Favorable/ Unfavorable Variance Direct Labor Time Variance (Actual Hours - Standard Hours) x Standard Rate Direct Labor Rate Variance (Actual Rate - Standard Rate) Actual Hours Direct Materials Quantity/Efficiency Variance (Actual Quantity - Standard Quantity) x Standard Price Direct Materials Price Variance (Actual Price - Standard Price) x Actual Quantity Fixed Costs Collars Item High-tensile strength nylon webbing Polyesterylon ribbons Buckles made of cast hardware Price tags Variable Cost/Item $ 4.00 $ 3.00 $ 2.00 $ 0.10 $ $ $ Item Collar maker's salary (monthly) Depreciation on sewing machines Rent Utilities and insurance Scissors, thread, and cording Loan payment Salary to self 2,773.33 55.00 250.00 200.00 400.00 183.33 166.67 $ $ $ Total Variable Costs per Collar $ 9.10 Correct! Total Fixed Costs $ 4,028.33 Item Leashes Item High-tensile strength nylon webbing Polyesterylon ribbons Buckles made of cast hardware Price tags Variable Cost/Item $ 6.00 $ 4.50 $ 1.50 $ 0.10 $ $ Leash maker's salary (monthly) Depreciation on sewing machines Rent Utilities and insurance Scissors, thread, and cording Loan payment Salary to self Fixed Costs 2,773.33 55.00 250.00 200.00 400.00 183.33 166.67 Total Variable Costs per Leash $ 12.10 Correct! Total Fixed Costs $ 4,028.33 Item Fixed Costs Harnesses Item High-tensile strength nylon webbing Polyesterylon ribbons Buckles made of cast hardware Price tags Variable Cost/Item $ 6.00 $ 4.50 $ 4.00 $ 0.10 Harness maker's salary Depreciation on sewing machines Rent Utilities and insurance Scissors, thread, and cording Loan Salary to self $ $ $ $ $ $ 2,946.67 55.00 250.00 200.00 400.00 183.33 166.67 Milestone Two - Contribution Margin Analysis COLLARS LEASHES HARNESSES $ S $ Sales Price per Unit Variable Cost per Unit Contribution Margin 28.00 9.10 30.00 12.10 35.00 14.60 $ 18.90 $ 17.90 $ 20.40 Milestone Two - Break-Even Analysis COLLARS LEASHES HARNESSES Sales Price $ 28.00 $ 30.00 $ 35.00 Fixed Costs $ 4,028 $ 4,028 $ 4,202 Contribution Margin S 18.90 $ 17.90 S 20.40 Break-Even Units (round up) 206.00 213.14 225.05 Also, you can use the ROUNDUP Excel function for these units. Target Profit S 300.00 $ 400.00 $ 500.00 Break-Even Units (round up) S 229.01 247.39 230.00 Target Profit $ 500.00 $ 600.00 VE 650.00 Break-Even Units (round up) 239.59 247.39 238.00 Milestone Three - Statement of Cost of Goods Sold 0 0 Beginning Work in Process Inventory Direct Materials: Materials: Beginning Add: Purchases for month of January Materials available for use Deduct: Ending materials Materials Used Direct Labor Overhead Total Costs Deduct: Ending Work in Process Inventory 0 Cost of Goods Sold Milestone Three - Income Statement $ Revenue: Collars Leashes Harnesses $ Total Revenue: Cost of goods sold Gross profit $ $ Expenses: General and administrative salaries Depreciation Rent Utilities and insurance Scissors, thread, and cording Loan Total Expenses $ Net Income/Loss Milestone Three - Variance Analysis Data for Variance Analysis: Budgeted (Standard) Hours/Qty Budgeted (Standard) Rate Actual Hours/Qty Actual Rate Labor Materials Variances for Collar Sales Favorable/ Unfavorable Variance Direct Labor Time Variance (Actual Hours - Standard Hours) x Standard Rate Direct Labor Rate Variance (Actual Rate - Standard Rate) Actual Hours Direct Materials Quantity/Efficiency Variance (Actual Quantity - Standard Quantity) x Standard Price Direct Materials Price Variance (Actual Price - Standard Price) x Actual Quantity