Axis university hospital has decided that it needs to better coordinate its patient care from the moment patients enter the hospital until they leave and return to the care of their own physicians and specialists. Its CEO and CFO have scoured the Affordable Care Act and have decided to adopt the following steps:

1. They have developed their own model of direct contracting with local physicians groups, particularly cardiologists and oncologists designed to promote risk-based comprehensive payments
2. For elderly patients with comorbidities who often seem to move between home or nursing home and the hospital they propose a coordinated care model in which gerontologists will be paid by salary rather than fee for service
3. For primary care physicians in their community catchment areas, they propose patient-centered medical homes that entail the use of medical technologies of monitoring, along with extensive electronic medical records keeping. Physicians who agree to participate in such medical homes will receive bonus payments based on their adoption of a range of treatment measures.

For each of the 3 approaches is the arrangement a collaboration or an integration? Why?

What are the theories of liability to Axis University Hospital from each approach?

What should Axis University Hospital do in each of the 3 situations to minimize its liability?