b$)$ For an independent project, which of the capital budgeting analysis techniques will always have the same accept$/$reject decision, and why. Be precise in your explanation of "why" the techniques would agree. Hints: Keep it simple, don't go down the "but what if$....."$ road. Independent projects $-$ accepting one doesn't mean you have to reject another one. Don't assume financial constraints $($you could theoretically fund all viable projects$).$ Assume "normal" cash flows $($only $1$ sign change in other words, the outlay is considered negative and all future cash flows are positive$),$ so that there is only a single IRR.

c$)$ How would a change in the required rate of return affect the project$$s calculated internal rate of return $($IRR$)?$ Explain. Would the accept$/$reject decision change using the IRR analysis method? Explain.

d$)$ Think about changes that happen in a project once it has been accepted and moving forward. Here are $3$ potential scenarios. For each, describe what you expect to happen to a project's expected NPV$,$ and WHY that is your expectation. Recall the $3$ important factors for value: riskiness of cash flows $($think required rate of return$),$ timing of cash flows, amount of cash flows.