B11. Frank found a United States quarter that showed the Charter Oak of the State of Connecticut, and he flipped it 100 times. He got heads 46 times. Which of the following four statements is most accurate?

A. This coin is almost certainly unbalanced.

B. If this coin were to be flipped another 100 times, then the most likely number of heads would be 46.

C. The statistical hypothesis that p = Probability(heads) = 0.50 would be rejected at the 5% level of significance.

D. The statistical hypothesis that p = Probability(heads) = 0.50 would be accepted at the 5% level of significance.

B12. Francesca was working with 40 volunteer subjects in a study on opinions about financial risk. She needed to divide these subjects into two groups. The groups were called A and B, and exactly twenty were to be placed in each group. Which of these statements gives the best technique for doing the division?

A. Give the subjects numbers 1 through 40. Then use a computer random number generator to select twenty numbers in the set {1, 2, ..., 40}. The selected numbers identify those in group A. The remaining subjects will constitute group B.

B. For each subject, flip a coin. If the coin lands heads, assign the subject to group A, and if the coin lands tails, assign the subject to group B.

C. Sort the subjects alphabetically by last name. The odd number positions in this list (1, 3, 5, ..., 39) will be group A, and the even number positions (2, 4, 6, ..., 38, 40) will be group B.

D. Group the 40 subjects into twenty pairs. For each of the twenty pairs, flip a coin. If the coin lands heads, make the assignment (A = person first in alphabetical order, B = person second in alphabetical order). If the coin lands tails, make the reverse assignment. For example, if the pair consists of Adamson and Gomez, then heads means (Adamson in group A, Gomez in group B). Tails means (Adamson in group B, Gomez in group A).