Bert has gone in to General Hospital for what should have been a routine prostate exam but something went wrong while Bert's back was turned, and it is later discovered that a medical device was lodged in his rectum. Neither the treating nor the attending physician will admit to having done this. Bert wants to sue the Hospital for medical malpractice, but he cannot identify the negligent party. What legal doctrine will assist Bert in bringing his lawsuit?

Select one:

a.

Professional malpractice

b.

Negligence per se

c.

Res ipsa loquitur

d.

Caveat aegrotus