Betita recently earned her degree in nursing and has begun a career path in the surgical ward at a local hospital. Her training program consists of a year-long internship, working with senior nurses. While in school, Betita worked in a medical lab performing routine blood tests. The lab technician job required her to take a two-week course and refer to a procedures manual for her work on a daily basis.

Which coordinating mechanism was most important in Betita's job as a lab technician?

a. direct supervision

b. integrator roles

c. job descriptions

d. standardized training

e. standardized outputs