Bill writes to Vince and says he will sell 10 tons of paper for $5,000. In his response, Vince says he will buy 8, instead of 10, tons of paper. By reducing the number of tons of paper from 10 to 8, what has Vince created? 

 

Maria needs to hire someone to manage the accounting department. She discusses the situation with Tom who works for an executive recruiting company, but the parties do not have a written agreement between them. Tom spends the next month reviewing resumes and candidates for Maria's company and forwards the information on potential candidates for the position to Maria. Maria does hire Grace for the accounting department, but she refuses to pay Tom for his help. What type of contract might a court find exists in this case?  

Hillary's cat is stuck up in the tree. Shelby is a firefighter who climbs up in the tree and brings the cat down safely. Hillary is so happy that she offers Shelby a $50 reward. Shelby would like to accept, but will not be able to enforce the reward. What is the legal reason?