Biostatistics and Epi.

1.What is "p-value"?

2.Please indicate for the following if the statements are "null hypothesis" or "alternative hypothesis":

a. There is no relationship between smoking and having bronchitis

b. Woman with disabled child has the same chance of having tubal ligation as women without disables child.

c. There is a relationship between regular exercise and control of blood glucose level

3. Interpret the following correlation coefficients:

• - 0.80
• 0.2
• 0.9
• 0.5

4. Which of these correlation coefficient represents the strongest correlation?

• -0.92
• 0.86
• -0.86
• -0.7

5. Estimate the r2 of the following correlation coefficients:

• - 0.80
• 0.2
• 0.9
• 0.5

6. A study found that the Pearson correlation coefficient "r" value for the relationship between serum level of triglyceride and the age of the patients in years is 0.74 and p-value was 0.03. If alpha is set to be 0.05. Interpret this correlation [direction, strength, and hypothesis testing].

7. The odds ratio for the relation of having cardiovascular disease and gender (comparing male to female) is 1.9

a. Interpret the odds ratio

8. Discuss the guidelines to determine if the exposure is the cause of the disease (i.e., making causal inference).

Please provide rationale and explanation for the answers.