Bonds may include various provisions outlining the terms of the bond contract. One common provision is a call provision, granting the issuer the right to redeem the bond before its maturity date under specified conditions, allowing issuers to refinance debt at lower interest rates if market conditions are favorable (Smith, 2019). Another provision is the bond's maturity date, which specifies when the issuer must repay the bond's principal value to bondholders. Additionally, securities may have different structures, such as fixed-rate bonds with a constant coupon rate throughout the bond's life or floating-rate bonds with a coupon rate that adjusts periodically based on prevailing market interest rates (Doe & Roe, 2021)