BUDGET DATA.

PRODUCT Sales volume sales revenue variable costs contribution

X $1200900000456000444000$

Y $16801344000756000588000$

Z $19201248000633600614400$

ACTUAL RESULTS

Product sales volume sales revenue variable cost contributon

X $1310930000458500471500$

Y $18901587600869400718200$

Z $18001242000612000630000$

Calculete:

$($a$)$total sales price variance

$($b$)$total sales volume contribution variance

$($c$)$total sales mix contribution variance

$($d$)$total sales quantity contribution variance

$($e$)$describe how standered costing operates

$($f$)$need for budgeting