Calculate by how much a stoichiometric n$-$butane$/$air mixture would have to be diluted by i$)$

nitrogen $($N$2),$ ii$)$ carbon dioxide $($CO$2),$ to render the mixture non$-$flammable. $($Assume fire

cannot sustain wheGiven that the upper and lower flammability limit of n$-$butane $($n$-$C$4$H$10)$ in air are $8\mathrm{.}4\%$ and $1\mathrm{.}8\%$

by volume.$($Assume ambient

temperature is $20$C$)$n the flame temperature is below $1200$C$)$