Calculate the present value of the following annuity streams:

a$.$ $$4,000$ received each year for four years on the last day of each year if your investments pay $5$ percent compounded

annually.

b$.$ $$4,000$ received each quarter for four years on the last day of each quarter if your investments pay $5$ percent compounded

quarterly.

c$.$ $$4,000$ received each year for four years on the first day of each year if your investments pay $5$ percent compounded

annually.

d$.$ $$4,000$ received each quarter for four years on the first day of each quarter if your investments pay $5$ percent compounded

quarterly.

$($For all requirements, do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to $2$ decimal places. $($e$.$g$.,32\mathrm{.}16))$