Cambridge, Inc. reported research and development expense of $9,156 million on its 2019 income statement. This expense included many types of costs. Which of the following types of costs would not be included in the $9,156 million?

Select one:

A. Salaries and wages for R&D personnel

B. Costs of applying for FDA approval

C. Depreciation on equipment used in experiments

D. Supplies and inventory related to R&D activities and new-product sales

E. None of the above