can anyone help me with question 5b?

PART ONE: Conduct statistical analyses using StatCrunch. Part 1 has three research questions. To answer these questions, use the data available in Application Activity in the BB. When appropriate, a description of elements of the data is available as a footnote at the bottom of the respective table. (Data provided for questions 1, 2, and 3 is hypothetical, NOT actual data.)

1. Sleep Quality in the College of Nursing (CON) at the University of Illinois at Chicago. (6 points total) In the CON, suppose a Nursing student is interested in the sleep quality of CON students during the pandemic. She selects a random sample of 21 students between 19 and 28 years old from BSN, AGMS, DNP and PhD, and applies Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). PSQI includes 19 self-reported items and is designed to evaluate overall sleep quality (Data are presented in Table 1 - see below). Global PSQI scores range from 0 to 21. The higher total score indicates worse sleep quality. A total PSQI score between 0-4 indicates good sleep quality (good sleepers), while between 5-21 shows that sleep quality is low (poor sleepers). The student is interested in determining whether there is any evidence of a difference in sleep quality across the groups of CON students during the pandemic representing each of the four different degree programs (BSN, AGMS, DNP and PhD). Table 1. Sleep quality of CON students BSN AGMS DNP PhD 1 12 14 11 13 2 14 18 10 7 3 14 10 9 17 4 11 3 4 12 5 5 6 4 13 6 12 4 9 10 7 8 7 13 18 8 6 9 17 9 9 12 9 9 6 10 12 8 9 10 11 16 11 12 18 12 11 8 8 10 13 8 7 6 3 14 4 13 12 6 15 3 11 12 4 16 11 12 10 9 17 8 16 15 12 18 7 8 10 8 19 13 7 7 6 20 11 8 6 12 21 8 3 4 12

a. What type of analysis should be used to answer this question? Why did you choose that type of analysis? (Your options are: one sample t-test, one sample z-test, two sample t-test, chi-square, ANOVA, and paired t-test). Check if the conditions for reliability for use of the test are met. [2 points]

b. Please state your null (H0) and alternative hypotheses (H1/Ha). Does the data support the hypothesis that degree programs are related to sleep quality PSQI score? Show any StatCrunch output used to answer the question. [2 points]

c. Interpret your findings in context. Describe your findings as if you are interpreting it to a lay person (a person not familiar with hypothesis testing). [2 points]

2. Diastolic blood pressure when omicron Covid19 diagnosis and one month later (6 points total) As part of her thesis for the Adult Nurse Practitioner Program, a student was interested in determining whether a difference exists in diastolic blood pressure of patients with omicron Covid19 variant when they were diagnosed with omicron Covid19 and one month later. She collected the data from medical records in the UI Health system (Data are presented in the excel file called SP2022.AA2_2). Analyze the data using StatCrunch and answer the following questions.

a. What type of analysis should be used to answer this question? Why did you choose that type of analysis? (Your options are: one sample t-test, one sample z-test, two sample t-test, chi-square, ANOVA, and paired t-test). Check if the conditions for reliable use of the test are met. [2 points]

b. State your hypothesis and conduct a test to determine whether a difference exists in diastolic blood pressure between the first (when patients were diagnosed with omicron Covid19 variant) and the second time point (1 month later)? Show any StatCrunch output used to answer the question. [2 points]

c. Interpret your findings in context, summarizing the findings in 1-3 sentences. [2 points]

3. Race and Body Mass Index (Total 6 points) Does the data (SP2022.AA2_3) based on a random sample provide sufficient evidence to indicate a significant relationship between race and the BMI categories (Normal Weight=1, Overweight=2, Obese=3)? Table 2. Race and Body mass index (data in excel file called SP2022.AA2_3) Race - Black group= 0 - White group= 1 BMIcat - Normal Weight = 1 - Overweight = 2 - Obese = 3 BMI is a continuous BMI variable BMIcat is a categorical BMI variable

a. What type of analysis should be used to answer this question? Why did you choose that type of analysis? (Your options are: one sample t-test, one sample z-test, two sample t-test, chi-square, ANOVA, and paired t-test). Check if the conditions for reliable use of the test are met. [2 points]

b. State your hypothesis and conduct a test to determine if there is sufficient evidence to indicate a significant association between race and the BMI categories? Show any Statcrunch output used to answer the question. [2 points]

c. Interpret your findings in context, summarizing the findings in 1-3 sentences. [2 points]

PART TWO: Apply knowledge to a research article. Please read the "Engleman et al, 2002" article and answer the following questions 4 and 5. 4. Orientation to the article (6 points total) a. State the goal of this research and the population that you would consider relevant to apply these findings to. Include a brief description of the intervention/s (e.g., activities, frequency of sessions, duration). (1-2 sentences) [2 points] b. Many variables were reported in this study. Complete the table below and characterize variables for role, type, and construct measured. You may use the codes provided. [2 points]

Variable Construct (CP, WB, SS, O) Role (IV, DV, BC) Type (Q, C) Epworth score FOSQ score Age Sex Treatment groups (MRS vs CPAP) HADS anxiety score PASAT CP=cognitive performance, WB=Well-being, SS=Symptoms & sleepiness, O=other, IV=independent variable, DV=dependent variable, BC=baseline characteristic Q=quantitative, C=categorical

c. Why did authors choose p-values of 0.01 or less for statistical significance in their primary analysis? What is meant by "false-positive statistical errors"? (1-2 sentences). The sample size is somewhat small. Based on the sample size, what type of error would be of concern and why? (1-2 sentences). [2 points] 5. Results and application of knowledge (4 points total) a. Table 3 provides information about participants' characteristics based on treatment preference. Assume the Table 3 shows baseline characteristics of CPAP and MRS treatment groups after randomization. What would you say about randomization process (success versus failure)? If so, how? (1-2 sentences) [2 points] b. You can apply what you know about hypotheses and statistical tests to understand the data and study. Assume outcome variable, functional outcomes of sleepiness questionnaire (FOSQ), was normally distributed, and groups are independent. If researchers measured FOSQ scores at 10 weeks of treatment and found that mean FOSQ scores were 12 (SD=2) in the MRS group and 10 (SD=3) in the CPAP group. [2 points] i) Present hypotheses and conduct the appropriate statistical test to assess if MRS and CPAP groups differed in their FOSQ results at 10 weeks of treatment. ii) Comment on whether the conditions were met for using the selected test, include the StatCrunch output, and interpret your results in context.